What Causes Joint Pain in Dogs?

Just like us, dogs can experience joint pain from a variety of causes. From genetics to lifestyle factors, these sources of discomfort can affect dogs of all ages. Understanding what causes joint pain can help you better care for your dog’s long-term health, comfort, and happiness.

1. Osteoarthritis: Wear and Tear Over Time
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that gradually wears down the cartilage cushioning your dog’s joints. As cartilage thins, bones rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness, and inflammation. Osteoarthritis is more common as dogs age but can also be influenced by genetics and weight. For example, larger breeds like Labradors and German Shepherds are often more prone due to their natural build and activity levels. You may notice your dog moving more slowly, particularly after a nap or resting period.

2. Hip Dysplasia: A Common Condition in Large Breeds
In breeds like Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, and Saint Bernards, hip dysplasia is a frequent issue. This genetic condition causes the hip joint to develop abnormally, which can lead to inflammation and arthritis as your dog grows. Hip dysplasia can appear in young dogs but worsens with age, leading to pain and difficulty in walking or standing up.

3. Patellar Luxation: Small Breed, Big Pain
Patellar luxation is a condition where the kneecap slips out of its normal position, causing a sudden onset of pain. It’s especially common in smaller breeds like Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, and Yorkies. This can often present as an occasional “skip” or “hop” when they walk, as they quickly adjust to the discomfort. If left untreated, it can lead to arthritis and chronic pain in the joint.


4. Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): A Back Issue for Long-Backed Breeds
In dogs with longer backs like Dachshunds, Corgis, and Basset Hounds, Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a condition that affects the discs cushioning the spine. As these discs wear down or herniate, they can press on the spinal cord, causing pain, weakness, and even paralysis in severe cases. IVDD can lead to more complex health issues, requiring careful handling.

5. Cruciate Ligament Tears (ACL Tears): A High-Impact Injury
Just like with human athletes, a sudden pivot or twist can injure a dog’s cruciate ligament, which stabilizes the knee joint. Dogs who are highly active or slightly overweight may be more prone to these injuries. Large and medium breeds, especially retrievers, can suffer from these tears due to their size and playfulness.

6. Obesity: How Extra Weight Adds Extra Pressure
Excess weight can quickly turn a minor joint issue into a significant health concern. Obesity places constant stress on a dog’s joints, leading to faster cartilage wear, increased inflammation, and heightened risk for conditions like hip dysplasia and arthritis.

7. Developmental Issues: Growing Pains and Joint Problems
Sometimes, joint issues stem from **developmental conditions** in puppies, particularly in fast-growing large breeds. Abnormal bone and joint growth can lead to conditions like elbow dysplasia, which may require early intervention to prevent degeneration.

8. Injuries or Trauma: An Unexpected Source of Joint Pain
Dogs love to run, jump, and play, but unfortunately, this can sometimes lead to injuries. High-impact activities, accidental falls, or repeated movements can strain or damage a dog’s joints. If an injury isn’t properly treated, it can lead to chronic joint pain or even arthritis.

9. Infections (Septic Arthritis): A Serious Condition Needing Prompt Attention
Joint infections, or septic arthritis, can occur when bacteria enter a joint, often due to an injury or surgical procedure. This type of arthritis can cause severe pain, swelling, and even fever in your dog.

10. Autoimmune Conditions: When the Body Attacks Its Own Joints
Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, occur when a dog’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own joint tissue, causing chronic inflammation. This is often genetic and can lead to severe pain across multiple joints.